Plain-English information for England and Wales

What makes a will legally valid?

Signing matters

Signing a will properly is simpler when you follow the order.

The person making the will must meet the basic legal requirements, and the signing must be done correctly.

Illustration of a person signing a will with two witnesses
You must be 18 or overYou must understand the will and make it by choice.
The will must be in writingRead the final document before signing.
Two adult witnessesThey must see you sign, then sign in your presence.

What are the legal basics?

  • You are 18 or over
  • You make the will voluntarily
  • You are of sound mind
  • The will is in writing
  • You sign in the presence of two witnesses who are both over 18
  • Both witnesses sign in your presence

Who should you choose as witnesses?

Do not use someone who will receive something under the will, or that person's married partner. The gift to them can fail even if the rest of the will remains valid.

What happens after signing?

Keep the original in a safe place and tell your executors where it is. If you later change the will, the proper signing process must be followed again.

Useful on the day

Want the signing steps in one place?

Use the one-page guide before anyone signs.

Sources checked 13 July 2026